Peter Pan Alice In Wonderland Essays

Diminish Pan Alice In Wonderland Essays Diminish Pan Alice In Wonderland Paper Diminish Pan Alice In Wonderland Paper Article Topic: Alice in Wonderland Lices Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking Glass: Critique In Lewis Carols epic Lices Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking Glass, the principle character Alice transports into an unfathomable and captivating world dissimilar to some other. It has a curve on rationale and wrecks with your psyche, while taking grown-ups back to their youth of creative mind and innovativeness. Not long after Alice gets to this bonkers and lopsided world she meets numerous weird animals: A white bunny who claims he is late for who realizes what, a Caterpillar smoking a hookah, a Cheshire feline that goes back and forth sporadically, the March Hare, the Mad Hatter, and an extremely worn out dormouse that will in general nod off intermittently. Alice befriends these remarkable characters and appreciates some short undertakings with them. Alice not long after meets the King and Queen. The Queen, who is hard to kindly shrieks her trademark expression Off with his head! which she impacted at the smallest disappointment with a subject. Later on Alice is in court as an observer, however disappoints the King and Queen by not obeying orders. The Queen yells her well-now line Off with her head! Furthermore, the playing a card game are sent to assault. At that point Alice is awoken by her sister for tea. It was every one of the a fantasy, yet it felt so genuine? This book makes us think, envision, and have faith in distraught and insane thoughts. Uniform altogether bonkers, yet let me reveal to you a mystery: All the best individuals are. Diminish Pan: Critique Peter P an is a notable and adored story composed by J. M. Hindrance to recount an awesome existence where you never grow up! Appears as though the ideal spot right? Well that is the thing that Wendy, John, and Michael thought when the knew about this otherworldly spot. Diminish baits them out and encourages them to fly over the London sky. He lets them know, Second on your right side, and straight on till morning! When they arrive, the three kids meet the Lost Boys who have been there for endless years. Everybody has a pleasant time and sees numerous superb things. Before long however that engaging time is put to a stop when the Lost Boys and Wendy siblings are taken by Indians. While this occurs, Wendy is taken by the eager and awful privateer Captain Hook. The following parts included duplicity and fraud. Diminish and Hook have a fight and free the Lost Boys, Wendy, John, and Michael. Dwindle becomes skipper of the boat and takes the Darlings home. Diminish Pan has and will consistently be a blend of undertakings and dream. For grown-ups it informs them concerning the inescapable loss of youth. It appears there will consistently be a battle between yourself: Your childhood (Peter Pan) and your dimness (Captain Hook). Try not to underestimate your adolescence, esteem each second and in the event that you are past that, ensure everyone around you do as such. Diminish Pan Alice In Wonderland By team promoter

Philosophy 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theory 4 - Assignment Example Descartes’ mind-body duality is useful to people who need to encounter their brains expressly and extraordinarily as a thing with a cognizant (Descartes 32). I think this idea additionally covertly permits these people to encounter their psyches and bodies contrarily. This implies when these individuals can't recognize their psyches and bodies, they become lost. I differ that people are included brain and body as isolated elements. On the off chance that individuals had two elements, they would need to delineate this expansion and demonstrate that they counteract one another, which they don't. As a philosophical methodology, wariness attempts to render questionable individuals from a gathering of suggestions that people believe are inside our comprehension. Incredulity can be viewed as a solid suit through rationale and observational proof. Wariness considers the cognizance of rationale and exact proof in the scholarly community today. The powerless purpose of suspicion logically is questions towards anyone’s thought or articulations without analysis or confirmation, in any event, when this individual is in actuality right. All out basic is the statement of moral law as inevitably actualized by rationale and dutifulness from plain regard for rationale (Kant 18). For instance, I was once stuck at a red light known for staying red for preposterously significant stretches. I was late for class and there was no other vehicle or person on foot going across both of the streets. I needed to run the red light, which choice into an ethical law inferring that I was OK with each driver running extremely red lights when they are late for

My First Visit

My First Visit I realize that some of my readers may not have had the opportunity to visit MIT yet. They may never walk the tunnels before they decide to apply. A brave few will not even be able to visit until they set foot on campus as a freshman. While reading these blogs is a great alternative, it certainly cannot substitute for the real experience of being on MITs campus. So the story that follows is about my first visit to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The context of my trip: New York City is a few hours away from MIT by road. My family has limited funds and no car, so I was very lucky to find out that my high school sponsors college trips for juniors. So I coughed up some cash and shuttled between nine different colleges in the Northeast over three days. At the time, I was fairly undecided in which colleges I wanted to apply to. All I wanted to do was get far away from home. They told us they splash acid over the buildings to corrode them and make them look older. / THIS IS NOT MIT. February 5th, 2005. My mind was still raving about the previous day, when I realized Yales campus was full of ugly old buildings (see above) and SO MUCH SLUSH. Now I was in the State of Massachusetts for the first time. A inch or two of snow still covered the ground. Our bus pulled up directly to 77 Massachusetts Avenue. A giant staircase and columns!Admissions herded us into some classroom where we got the spiel. Then off to the tour! We started in Lobby 7. Walking down the long hallway called the Infinite Corridor which comprises many of MITs classroom buildings, the first door to the right is a mens bathroom. My friends Steven and Brendan asked if I could wait for them, so I kept watch on our tour as it quickly made its way down the hall. The group quickly became a meandering blob. Five to ten minutes later, the boys came out of the bathroom. Wheres the tour? I dont know You were supposed to keep watch! I WAS. We walked around but found no one from our group. I wanted to cry. MIT seemed like a cool place and all but were *lost*! This was before I ever had a cell phone. Luckily, the boys used their cell phone networking magic to track down other people on the tour, and some long time later we rejoined the tour. Here are some random photos to prove it! []Part of West Campus, featuring the undergraduate dorms McCormick and Baker (left and right), with female graduate housing in the center thats now undergraduate sorority housing. This shot of a sculpture in Barker Library (thats the main engineering library) looks very cool, though weird for a *library*.. []Classic picture of the great dome from Killian Court. Inside of one of the athletics buildings.That night we stayed at the Marriott Hotel on MITs campus. We were given some free time before our curfew at 11PM, so just for fun we went back to MIT! At the Student Center we bought candy and played video games. I showed off my pool and air hockey skills and we all had a great time. My two guy friends who got lost in the bathroom are hard at work.So my visit happened to be awesome, although the more awesome bits happened outside the tour. All the while, I saw lots of random little things around campus that made me very happy and I suppose pushed me to apply. Here is my favorite picture from this whole weekend:

Description Of Group s Content - 1384 Words

Description of Group’s Content The group attended was an educational group meeting where the participants in attendance were all adults. The adult participants in this meeting varied in ages, with the majority of them being between the ages of twenty-three and forty. Therefore, it can be concluded, the meeting was not intended to be age restricted. In this meeting, there were a total of thirty participants; twenty-nine of the participants being of African-American decent and one being of Caucasian decent. Seating arrangements were left up to participants, therefore, they were able to decide where they wanted to sit on their own. The location of this group meeting took place at Top Notch BBQ restaurant, where table booths are located on the opposite side of the restaurant’s main entrance. There were ten adults who chose to sit at the table booths during the meeting. Then there were high tables with high chairs located on the same side of the restaurant as the restaurantà ¢â‚¬â„¢s main entrance. A total of fifteen adults chose to sit in this area of the restaurant. Lastly, there were a total of five adults who chose to sit at tables in between the high tables and table booths. These tables can be considered to be regular eating tables, and were located in the middle of the restaurant. The agenda of the group meeting was time restricted; spending only an hour on each group discussion topic. The first thing on the agenda was for group leaders to explain their purpose of having theShow MoreRelatedSearch Engine Optimization ( Seo )1323 Words   |  6 Pagesthe procedure of influencing the visibility of a site or a website page in an internet search engine s unpaid results - regularly alluded to as natural, organic, or earned results. 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Roman Republic And The Instigation Of The Roman Empire

Born in 100 BC by most accounts, Julius Caesar was a key figure in the Roman Republic and the instigation of the Roman Empire. By this time, Rome was the largest city in the world, with almost half a million citizens residing in its walls (Goldsworthy 19). Caesar’s birth was claimed to be a Caesarian section, a birth considered to be a bad omen in Ancient Rome. He was the only son in his family, which gave him the responsibility of carrying out the family line, raising a new and more powerful generation. This position of power was handed to him quite soon, at the age of sixteen, when his father collapsed and died. He would soon after marry Cornelia, the daughter of Cinna, one the most powerful men in Rome at the time after serving on consul for four consecutive years (49). Caesar began a military service years later, which was considered a beginning to his career in the public eye. He won consulship in Rome for the year 75 BC and, being a master orator, gave an impressive spee ch that made the crowd remember his reputation (72-73). In 70 BC, Caesar, age thirty, had been married for fifteen years to Cornelia. They had a daughter, Julia, but no male heir and no desire to have another child. He adopted Augustus Caesar, his great-nephew, to compensate for the problem. In late 70 BC, he was also elected as one of the twenty of the quaestors, the public officials who supervised financial affairs and audits (96-97). Perhaps years later, Caesar’s history would become dominated withShow MoreRelatedRoman Religion Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesReligion played a significant role in the Roman civilization but, â€Å"many people believe that Rome was not a religious place. What they probably mean is that it was not a moral place.† (Burrell, 65) The Romans had innumerable gods that they worshiped which included giving gifts and sacrificing for their gods. Sacrificing animals was common for ancient Roman civilization. The idea of sacrificing came from th e people before the Roman Empire was built. Religion primarily used sacrificing as a meansRead MoreOctavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium1095 Words   |  5 Pagesexamples of the use of mass propaganda in the ancient world. While scholars such as Murray question the impact that the re-instigation of games at Nikopolis and the extension of the temple of Apollo at Actium would have on the political situation in Rome, its emergence, however, seems to have occurred around 20 BC, a time at which Octavian Augustus has officially restored the Republic (27 BC) and resigned his position as consul, instead holding office as Tribune of the Plebs. The Augustan version ofRead MoreThe Roman Principate, An Era That Has A Clear Induction Essay1868 Words   |  8 PagesContextually the Roman Principate is an era that has a clear induction in Roman History, as well as being a marker to the end of Republic. Through the lens of Historian Tacitus, the Roman Empire readjusted themselves into an autocracy by shifting the allegiance of not only the military, but the leading classes, and the common people. Historian Mary Beard walks the reader, in her book SPQR, through the emperors following Augustus, and their role in securing the empire. Tacitus’ work in the AnnalsRead MoreSocial Effects of Technology Essay6374 Words   |  26 Pagesand kind of life available to us in the future. Technologys Effect on The Environment Technologys effect on the environment has received much attention in recent years, mainly due to (a) the reduction in lead time perceived between the instigation of a new technology and the serious effects on the ecological balance of our world that may possibly occur as a result of it, and (b) the greatly increased control over the environment that modern technology represents. Environmental considerationsRead More Social Effects of Technology Essays6300 Words   |  26 Pagesquality and kind of life available to us in the future. Technologys Effect on The Environment Technologys effect on the environment has received much attention in recent years, mainly due to (a) the reduction in lead time perceived between the instigation of a new technology and the serious effects on the ecological balance of our world that may possibly occur as a result of it, and (b) the greatly increased control over the environment that modern technology represents. Environmental considerations

Business Plan for Early Childhood Development Free Essays

string(26) " young people and approx\." Business Plan of Early Childhood Development Center in Gilgit Balistan Glowing Pearl Education Center (GPEC) Prepared By: Muniba Islam (Registration No. 55093) Najumus Sehar (Registration No. 55226) Kanwal Gill (Registration No. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Plan for Early Childhood Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now 54468) Contents AKNOWLEGMENT3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY4 INTERNAL RESOURCE ANALYSIS5 ?Resources5 ?Capabilities7 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS8 1. 1. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS8 a. Demographics8 b. Economic Segment9 c. Socio Culture Segment10 d. Environmental Segment18 1. 2. INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS19 . 3. C OMPETITOR E NVIRONMENT A NALYSIS28 AKNOWLEGMENT Firstly we would thank Allah for giving us the opportunity and the resources to be able to do something productive with our lives. Without His blessings we would not have been able to come as far as we have. Then our sincere thanks to SIR ADNAN ANWAR helping us throughout this report. His guidelines have been very useful for us in preparing this report. This report would not have been possible without his cooperation and continuous direction. I would like to express my gratitude to my facilitator SIR ADNAN ANWAR whose continuous encouragement and support to solve the case. This report has enabled us to apply all that we studied in class and gave us the chance to enhance our knowledge. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project involves establishing a Montessori school in big cities of GILGAT BALISTAN, starting classes from early childhood development to Class I. The target market of this school is children, 0 – 6 years of age, belonging to the middle income group and also target working woman. The school will provide quality education starting at the primary level charging an affordable fee. The school will practice advanced educational procedures – teaching an extensive curriculum and using modern teaching methodology in sync with international standards. Qualified and experienced faculty will be hired. The school will have sophisticated infrastructural facilities, spacious classrooms, and wide-ranging learning material from books to toys for a good educational experience. Schools with high reputation have a stringent admission selection process, for which, Montessori schools provide the necessary training. This has given rise to high demand for Montessori school systems that can prepare children for admission to reputable Primary schools. With the growing population and a limited number of schools, establishment of elementary schools has become a requirement for necessary educational training starting at an early age. The total project cost for setting up this school is estimated at Rs. illion out of which the Capital Cost is estimated at Rs. 2. 0 million. The overall proposed capacity of the school is 300 students. Each class level from Early Childhood development (ECD) – Class I has two to four sections. The maximum number of enrollments per class is limited to 20 students from ECD till KG II and 30 students for class I. The proposed building will be acquired by own, covering an approximately area of building is 500 SQM to accommodate the pr oposed student strength. INTERNAL RESOURCE ANALYSIS * Resources Tangible Resources| Resource| Description| Source| | LAND| 500 Square Yard| OWN| BUILDING | 10 Bed room house| OWN| INITIAL WORKING CAPITAL| Rs. 2. 0 Million| SAVING| IT- EQUIPMENT| 5 LAPTOPS, Audio Music accessories| OWN| ECD REQUIRED MATERIAL| Chairs, tables, book storage, carpets, cribs, Block play accessories, Strollers and other ECD required materials| OWN| Intangible Resources| Resource| Description| | HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCE| * Expertise in early childhood development and Montessori directors (best knowledge in children psychology). Expertise of different area like MBA – Education Leadership, MBA HRM, MBA-Marketing * Knowledge of local business environments (specially small and medium business)| INNOVATION RESOURCE| * Innovative ideas to analyze business requirements with specialized software tools * Variety of ideas to develop complex business software * Innovative ideas to educational products| REPUTATIONAL RESOURCE| Reputation for exceptional customer/ parents * Having good reputation w ith educational services due to affordable cost. Reputation with universities * Good reputation with educational institutes and teachers training and management institutes for competent young graduates resources for cheap source of input Reputation with universities * Good reputation in educational industry| TRAINING RESOURCE| * Expertise in child growth and development * Skill in cognitive development * Knowledge of health safety and nutrition * Personal management| * Capabilities Functional Area| Resources| Capabilities| | PROJECT FEASIBILITY| Montessori directors and educational professional / ECD required materials / Computer equipment and building| Business plan for early childhood development center and its impact on into children development center’s profitability| REQUIRED EDUCATIONAL STAFF | Montessori directors and educational professional / Innovative resources/ ECD required materials / Computer equipment’s| Art of translating business requirements into children development center for maximum customer/ parents satisfaction| MARKETING| Marketers| Promoting and marketing children development center and also promotes the teacher training program | TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM| Training professionals| * Expertise in child growth and development * Skill in cognitive development * Knowledge of health safety and nutrition * Personal management * Financial management * Excellent Relationship with parents and children| EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 2. 1. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS a. Demogr aphics Population by Age Groups ; Pakistan Projection (000s)| AGE GROUP 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 | TOTAL M+F 155,772 173,383 192,262 211,397 229,377 246,272| MALES 0? 4 9,562 11,886 12,429 12,711 12,350 12,062| 5? 9 10,047 9,287 11,631 12,205 12,513 12,180| 10? 4 10,130 9,936 9,210 11,554 12,133 12,446| 15? 19 9,897 10,047 9,878 9,161 11,503 12,084| 20? 24 7,885 9,767 9,958 9,801 9,089 11,428| 25? 29 6,240 7,729 9,655 9,859 9,706 9,001| 30? 34 5,077 6,099 7,627 9,555 9,763 9,617| 35? 39 4,460 4,957 6,008 7,536 ,459 9,673| 40? 44 4,042 4,349 4,869 5,919 7,440 9,354| 45? 49 3,465 3,926 4,249 4,770 5,812 7,320| 50? 54 2,796 3,331 3,795 4,120 4,637 5,664| 55? 59 2,035 2,633 3,155 3,609 3,932 4,440| 60? 64 1,543 1,854 2,416 2,911 3,346 3,662| 65? 9 1,199 1,341 1,625 2,133 2,587 2,992| 70? 74 841 973 1,100 1,346 1,782 2,179| 75+ 921 1,077 1,271 1,482 1,796 2,315| TOTAL 80,140 89,190 98,874 108,670 117,849 126,417| Source: World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI) databas e| * Age structure * 0-14 years:  35. 4% (male 34,093,853/female 32,278,462) * 6. 5% population lies in the age group of 0-5yrs * 15-64 years:  60. % (male 58,401,016/female 54,671,873)   * 65 years and over:  4. 2% (male 3,739,647/female 4,157,870) Interpretation: * 60% of population falls under age of 35 means large market of young people and approx. You read "Business Plan for Early Childhood Development" in category "Essay examples" 36% teen-ager have niche market for childhood development center. * Males and females constitutes around 51%, 49 % of the population respectively. * Population is migration from rural areas to urban to seek better economic opportunities. * Population growth rate is 1. 57% per year. b. Economic Segment Interpretations: * Inflation is the major factor of weak economic condition of Pakistan * Due to high discount rate local investment has been educed to around 50% * Government borrowing from private sector has created the liquidity crunch in the financial sector * Employment status shows marginal changes i. e. decrease in the comparative profiles of employees and self-employed workers while increase in the case of employers. * Due to week investment in large sector SME sector is growing at rapid pace * GDP growth at around 2. 4 % due to devastating flood c. Socio Culture Segment Interpretations: * Pakistan is the 10th largest country in the world according to the size of the labor force * In 200809, the estimated labor force grew by 3. % * The growth in female labor force was greater than male labor force and consequently the increase in female employment was greater * The increase in self-employed persons as well as unpaid family workers indicates that activities at the household level are increasing * Population is migration from rural areas to urban to seek better economic opportunities * Pakistan is the most urbanized nation in South Asia making up 36% of its population, (2008) Urbanization rate is 3% (2005? 10). * Urb an population in Pakistan will constitute 50% of the total. The rate of urbanization in Pakistan will continue to increases due to the past high growth rates. * More than 50% of urban population (2005) lived in eight urban areas: Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Hyderabad, Gujranwala and Peshawar. Interpretations: * 2008? 9, the estimated labor force grew by 3. 7%. * The growth in female labor force was greater than male labor force and consequently the increase in female employment was greater Population of Major Cities of Pakistan| CITY| 1981| 1998| CAGR (%)| 2010| | | | | | | KARACHI| 9,339,023| 5,208,132| 3. 49| 13,386,730| | LAHORE| 5,143,495| 2,952,689| 3. 32| 7,214,954| | FAISALABAD| 2,008,861| 1,104,209| 3. 58| 2, 912,269| | RAWALPINDI| 1,409,768| 794,834| 3. 43| 2,013,876| | MULTAN| 1,197,384| 732,070| 2. 93| 1,610,180| | HYDERABAD| 1,166,894| 751,529| 2. 62| 1,521,231| | GUJRANWALA| 1,132,509| 600,993| 3. 79| 1,676,357| | PESHAWAR| 982,816| 566,248| 3. 29| 1,386,529| | QUETTA| 565,137| 285,719| 4. 09| 871,643| | ISLAMABAD| 529,180| 204,364| 5. 7| 972,669| Interpretations: * In 1950, only 29. 8 % of people lived in urban areas whereas by 2020, an estimated 57% will live in c cities. * Karachi city’s population is growing at about 5% per year including an estimated 45,000 migrant workers coming to the city every month. * Urban expansion can be the key to continuing economic success * It will unfold opportunities for investment in many new markets for example, infrastructure, transportation, healthcare, education and character building. Table: Civilian Labor Force, Employed and Unemployed for Pakistan (in millions)| | 03-04| 05-06| 06-07| 07-08| 08-09| | Labor Force | 45. 5| 50. 05| 50. 33| 51. 78| 53. 72| | Employed | 42| 46. 95| 47. 65| 49. 09| 50. 79| | Unemployed | 3. 5| 3. 1| 2. 68| 2. 69| 2. 93| | Source: Various issues of Labor Force Survey Federal Bureau of Statistics| | Interpretations: * Unemployment rate is higher as compared to the last statistics. * The change is due to female than male and urban than rural unemployment rates. Interpretations: * Employment comprises all persons ten years of age and above who worked at least one hour during the reference period and were either â€Å"paid employed† or †self-employed†. The labour force is growing and the growth in FY09 is greater than that in FY 08. Table : Employment Status by Sex (%) | 2007? 08| 2008? 09| | Total Male Female| Total Male Female| Employers| 0. 9| 1. 2| NA| 1. 2| 1. 5| 0. 1| Self employed| 34. 2| 39. 6| 12. 8| 33. 3| 38. 7| 13. 1| Unpaid family Helpers | 28. 9| 19. 7| 65. 0| 29. 7| 20. 2| 65. 0| Employees| 36. 0| 39. 5| 22. 2| 35. 8| 39. 6| 21. 8| Total| 100. 0| 100. 0| 100. 0| 100. 0| 100. 0| 100. 0| Interpretations: * 2008? 09 employees increased both in rural and urban setting. * Employers almost remained the same during 2007? 08 and 2008? 09. * Self-employment increased in 2008? 09. This emphasizes the fact that in formalization of our sectors is taking place. * The increase in self-employed persons as well as unpaid family workers indicates that activities at the household level are increasing. * Employment status shows marginal changes i. e. decrease in the comparative profiles of employees and self? employed workers while increase in the case of employers Interpretations: * The self? employed males have decreased while female self-employed has increased. * The increase in self-employed persons as well as unpaid family workers indicates that activities at the household level are increasing * Employment status shows marginal changes i. e. ecrease in the comparative profiles of employees and self-employed workers while increase in the case of employers. Interpretations: * 45. 1% labour force is employed in agriculture. * 13. 6% labour force is employed in services. * 50% 0f population is residing in urban areas so emphasis will shift towards other sectors. Table : Employed labour force by sector sector| 2007-08| 2008-09| | total| male| female| total| male| female| Agriculture | 44. 6| 36. 9| 75. 0| 45. 1| 37. 3| 74. 0| Manufacturing | 13. 0| 13. 3| 11. 8| 13. 0| 13. 3| 11. 9| Construction| 6. 3| 7. 8| 0. 4| 6. 6| 8. 3| 0. 4| Transport| 5. 5| 6. 8| 0. 2| 5. 2| 6. 6| 0. 2| Services| 13. 7| 14. 4| 10. 6| 13. 66| 11. 1| 11. 6| Others| 2. 3| 2. 9| 0. 2| 0. 10| 2. 9| 0. 3| Source: Labour Force Survey 2008-09 Federal Bureau of statistics Interpretations: * 11. 6% female and 11. 1% males are in services, which indicate as compared to males females are more in service sector. * 24. 4% females are working in other sectors. * The growth in female labor force was greater than male labor force and consequently the increase in female employment was greater Table: Employed-Pakistan and provinces Area/Province| Employed| | 2007-08| 2008-09| | Total| Male| Female| Total| Male| Female| Pakistan| 49. 09| 39. 06| 10. 03| 50. 79| 40. 04| 10. 75| Rural| 34. 48| 25. 79| 8. 69| 35. 54| 26. 46| 9. 09| Urban| 14. 1| 13. 27| 1. 34| 15. 25| 13. 59| 1. 66| Punjab| 28. 97| 22. 07| 6. 9| 29. 95| 22. 68| 7. 27| Sindh| 12. 26| 10. 43| 1. 83| 12. 72| 10. 67| 2. 05| KhyberPukhtoonkhua| 5. 73| 4. 65| 1. 08| 5. 97| 4. 77| 1. 2| Balochistan| 2. 13| 1. 91| 0. 22| 2. 15| 1. 92| 0. 23| Source: Labour Force Survey 2008-09| Interpretations: * This table gives a comparison between employme nt figures in FY 07-08 and 08-09 * The general trend is a rise in employment in both rural and urban areas, and in both genders * Higher rate of rise is registered in Punjab as compared to other provinces Table: Formal and Informal Sectors? Distribution of non? Agriculture workers (%) Sector| 2007-08| 2008-09| | |   | | Total| male| female| total| male| female| Total| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| Formal| 27. 2| 27. 2| 27. 4| 26. 7| 26. 6| 27. 6| Informal| 72. 8| 72. 2| 72. 6| 73. 3| 73. 4| 72. 4| Rural| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| Formal| 24. 9| 25. 9| 23. 2| 23. 8| 24| 22. 2| Informal| 75. 1| 74. 1| 76. 8| 76. 2| 76| 77. 8| urban| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| formal| 29. 5| 29. 2| 29. 4| 29. 4| 29. 1| 32. 8| Informal| 70. 5| 70. 8| 70. 6| 70. 9| 70. 9| 67. 2| Source: Labour Force Survey 2008? 09 Federal Bureau of Statistic | Interpretations: Large amount of in formalization is evident both in agricultural as well as non-agricultural sectors * In formalization is rising and that it is more pronounced in rural than urban areas. * According to gender, males are shifting from the formal sector so are females. d. Environmental Segment Interpretations: * Pakistan is at high risk of climatic vulnerability which results in heavy floods in th e country and poses threat to agricultural sector 2. 2. INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS *Map may not be accurate or to scale . It is a mere representation Gilgit-Baltistan formerly known as the Northern Areas is the northernmost political entity within Pakistan. Gilgit-Baltistan covers an area of 72,971 km? (28,174 mi? ) and is highly mountainous . It has an estimated population approaching 1,000,000. Its administrative center is the city of Gilgit (population 216,760) Gilgit Baltistan is administratively divided into two divisions which, in turn, are divided into seven districts Division| District| Area (km? )| Population (1998)| Headquarters| Baltistan| Ghanche| 9,400| 88,366| Khaplu| | Skardu| 18,000| 214,848| Skardu| Gilgit| Gilgit| 39,300| 383,324| Gilgit| | Diamir| 10,936| 131,925| Chilas| | Ghizar| 9,635| 120,218| Gahkuch| | Astore| 8,657| 71,666| Gorikot| | Hunza-Nagar| | | Aliabad, Sikandarabad| Gilgit-Baltistan totals| | | | | | 7 districts| 72,971| 970,347| Gilgit| DEMOGRAPHICS OF GILGIT BALTISTAN: * Population statistics for the research are based on the Gilgit Population Censes carried out in 1998, according to which total population of Gilgit is approximately, 0. million * 85% of the total population lives in rural areas. * Gilgit Baltistan is traditionally male dominated, with women working primarily in the home or in agriculture. * Average household size is approxi mately eight people. Characteristics | Gilgit Baltistan| National| Per capita Income | US $350 | US $1046 | Literacy rate| 38% | 56% | Population Doctor Ratio | 1:4100 | 1:1183 | Maternal Mortality Rate | 600/100000 | 272/100000 | Total Fertility Rate| 4. 6 children per woman | 3 children per woman | * The study reveals that the age structure of the population was typical of a society with a youthful population * . t shows a pyramidal age structure due to a large number of children less than 15 years of age * 52% of the population is in age group of 15-64 * Less than 4%were over 65 years of age. * About half of the total women population was in the reproductive age group15-49 years. This is a major reason for population growth. * Education turned out to be an important factor influencing individual’s attitude and approach on various aspects of life. Majority(77%) of married women in Gilgit Baltistan are not educated, * Despite this it is encouraging to note that a significant proportion (39%)of the women is engaged in gainful employment. CURRENT FERTILITY ASFR| Urban| Rural| All Areas| 5-19| 44. 5| 66. 2| 58. 2| 20-24| 171. 7| 219. 2| 201. 1| 25-29| 245. 7| 279. 5| 267. 1| 30-34| 181. 1| 218. 2| 204. 7| 35-39| 73. 2| 143. 1| 119. 4| (NIPS Quarterly Newsletter issue no 9, march 2010) * Total fertility rate in Gilgit Baltistan is 4. 6 children per woman,whereas fertility rate in rural (5. 1 children per woman) is higher as compared to urban areas( 3. 8 children per woman). Education level is the most conspicuous differentials in fertility. EDUCATION SECTOR SUMMARY We have selected the educational industry and analysis is as follows: Legend: Size of Industry Statistical Summary of Education Sector of Gilgit-Baltistan: Institutions| District| Primary Schools| Middle Schools| High Schools| Colleges| | Boys| Girls | Co-Edu| Total| Boys| Girls | Co-Edu| Total| Boys| Girls | Co-Edu| Total| Boys| Girls | Co-Edu| Total| Gilgit| 58| 50| 119| 227| 35| 21| 9| 65| 27| 20| 0| 47| 4| 2| 0| 6| Ghizer| 44| 17| 118| 179| 7| 3| 8| 18| 13| 1| 3| 17| 1| 1| 0| 2| Diamer| 128| 18| 25| 171| 21| 0| 0| 21| 8| 1| 0| 9| 1| 0| 0| 1| Astore| 46| 21| 49| 116| 19| 11| 0| 30| 13| 2| 1| 16| 1| 0| 0| 1| Skardu| 187| 86| 118| 391| 50| 21| 7| 78| 20| 9| 3| 32| 3| 1| 0| 4| Ganche| 57| 30| 112| 199| 17| 11| 4| 32| 20| 3| 1| 24| 1| 0| 0| 1| Estimate: * In Pakistan especially in Gilgat Balistan have very competitive environment of educational industry. * Many of organization and NGOs are working on this industry. Legend: Industry growth Estimate: * In Gilgat Balistan have chance for growth in educational industry. * Below 6 year education school are not available in Gilgat Balistan. Legend: Employment growth Teachers| District| Primary Schools| Middle Schools| High Schools| Colleges| Grand Total| | Male| Female| Total| Male| Female| Total| Male| Female| Total| Male| Female| Total| Male| Female| Total| Gilgit| 302| 432| 734| 252| 225| 477| 348| 127| 475| 87| 38| 125| 989| 822| 1811| Ghizer| 226| 245| 471| 122| 15| 137| 156| 10| 166| 15| 0| 15| 519| 270| 789| Diamer| 273| 37| 310| 168| 0| 168| 96| 11| 107| 21| 0| 21| 558| 48| 606| Astore| 192| 74| 266| 13| 44| 157| 112| 7| 119| 15| 0| 15| 432| 125| 557| Skardu| 564| 385| 949| 239| 99| 338| 108| 24| 132| 38| 22| 60| 949| 530| 1479| Ganche| 252| 148| 400| 155| 44| 199| 244| 21| 265| 15| 0| 15| 666| 213| 879| Total| 1809| 1321| 3130| 1049| 427| 1476| 1064| 200| 1264| 191| 60| 251| 4113| 2008| 6121| Emerging Trends in an Industry Trend| Trend Natur e| Description| 1| Level of education| | 2| Required for best teacher| | 3| | | 4| | | Educational Statistics Gilgit-Baltistan Important information / Statistics Regarding the Education Sector of Gilgit-Baltistan| | Literacy Rate| Year| Male| Female| Both| | 1981| 24%| 3%| 15%| | 1998| 53%| 22%| 33%| | 2008 (Projected)| 57%| 27%| 43%| | | | | | | Teacher Student Ratio| Level| Institutions| Teaching Staff| Enrollment| Student Teacher Ratio| Govt. Schools| 1672| 5870| 151508| 1:26| Govt. Colleges| 15| 251| 6233| 1:25| Total| 1687| 6121| 157741| 1:26| | | | | | District Wise Comparison (Government Vs Private)| District | Government| Private| | Institutions| Enrollment| Institutions| Enrollment| Gilgit| 345| 43188| 160| 21070| Ghizer| 216| 18458| 146| 23303| Diamer| 202| 16457| 11| 1213| Astore| 163| 12610| 29| 2729| Skardu| 505| 44588| 116| 18575| Ganche| 256| 22440| 70| 6882| Total| 1687| 157741| 532| 73772| | | | | | % age Govt. Vs Private| 76%| 68%| 24%| 32%| 1) Threats of New Entrants Threats in education sector: * Poverty – Cost of education * Low enrolment and high dropout * Gender inequities Lack of availability of well-resourced educational institutions * Geographical and cultural constraints * Lack of awareness about value of education * Reluctance of teachers to serve in hard areas * Lack of special education institutions Threats of New Entrants| Analysis| Barriers to Entry| | Economies of Scale| | Product Diff erentiation | | Capital Requirement| | Switching Cost| | Access to Distribution Channel| | Cost disadvantages independent of scale | | Government Policy| | Interpretation: * 73% has access to Primary Education * 27% are out of Schools age 5-9 Years * Dropout Rate is 9% at primary level * Projected literacy rate (64 Male, 38 Female )overall 51% * Student Teacher Ratio 1 : 23 5-9 Years Population( 92554 Male, 85942 Female) Total 178496 * 5-9 Years Enrolment ( 74638 Male, 55166 Female) Total 129804 * Children attending primary schools in Gilgit-Baltistan in 2009-10 is 73% where as 81% Boys and 64% Girls. 2) Bargaining power of Buyer 3) Bargaining power of Supplier 4) Intensity of rivalry among Competitors Intensity of rivalry among competitors| Analysis| Numerous or Equally Balanced Balance Competitors| | Fast Industry Growth| | High /low Fixed or Storage Cost| | Lack of Differentiation or Low Switching cost| | High Strategic Stakes | | High Exit Barriers| | 2. 3. C OMPETITOR E NVIRONM ENT A NALYSIS Competitor Name| Size of Competitor| Specialization| Product line categories| Shining Star| Medium| vocational training and middle school , vocational trained staff| | Mehnaz Fatima| large| montessori and special education, montessori trained| | Mountain School| Small| montessori – middle school, trained staff| | ECDC KU| Small| early childhood developmental center, montessori experienced teachers| | APS| Large| | | | | | | RESULTS FROM INTERNAL ; EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 2. 1. RESOURCES T O B UILD Intangible Resources| HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCE| * Marketing Research experts to conduct research for launching new software products for small and medium size segments * Accountants required to receive fees from parents | ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCE| * Management resources required to formulate organizational structure * SOP for school day to day business operations for creating exceptional value to parents or customers| Access to the Promotional Platform| * PR department to establish that requires people have exceptional PR with the exhibiting authorities, print and electronic media for promoting products on promotional channel| Tangible Resources| Additional Financial Resources | * Additional financial resources required with working capital requirement either from borrowing or investment from investor| 2. 1. S. W. O. T ANALYSIS 2. 1. Strengths: * Low student-teacher ratio * English as a medium of instruction * Affordable to income group Accessible location for Pakistan steel worker’s children * Well-trained and qualified teaching staff * Up-to-date and extensive curriculum * Well maintained order and discipline * Environment conducive to joyful learning * Adequate security measures * Availability of adequate a nd modern facilities * Contribution to societal development * Weakness: * Time required for gaining recognition in the society * Higher rental cost for accessible locations * Insufficient area for playing fields to practice sports such as cricket, hockey etc. * Opportunities: * Overall increase in demand, linked with the growing population. * Government incentives and policies conducive for private investment in * education sector Gap between number of school going age children and actual enrolments in schools * Growing general public awareness (especially in urban areas) about * importance of quality education * Limited access to affordable, quality education. * Minimal budget allocation by government to education sector * Limited number of government/public schools * Poor facilities in government schools * Threats: * New entrants can easily share the business * Difficulty in retaining qualified teachers * Revival of public/government schools in the future through effective * Gover nment policies and regulations. Company Information 4. 1 Company Name Glowing Pearl Education Center (GPEC) 4. 2 Company logo 4. 3 Company Vision The early Child Hood Development Centre will provide a broad, holistic early childhood education that follows the highest International standards of excellence. The Centre’s curriculum will be taught by competent early Childhood educators, is designed to help lay strong foundations for a child’s continuing education and growth 4. 4 Company Mission Our mission is to develop young men with active and creative minds, a sense of understanding and compassion for others, and the courage to act on their beliefs. We stress the total development of each child: spiritual, moral, ntellectual, social, emotional, and physical . Each child is an individual; that all children are creative; that all children need to succeed. Therefore, School respects the individual needs of children; fosters a caring and creative environment; and emphasizes the social, emotional, physical, intellectual development of each chil d. To provide a safe, caring, therapeutic environment where students with psychiatric, educational, and social challenges can best develop the skills and character necessary to rejoin their communities with success. The school will design programs and learning experiences that promote academic achievement and the personal and social growth of every student. As a richly diverse community of learners that values all its Members School will provide a safe and productive learning environment in which students can communicate effectively, think critically, solve problems and are technologically literate through a variety of curricular and extra-curricular activities. Through a challenging course of study with high standards, students will become responsible learners who can not only work collaboratively, but also be accountable for their own academic and developmental progress. 4. 5 Short –term Objectives: Year| Objectives| April 2012- July 2012| * Advertising campaign at first level to introduce our brand GPEC (Glowing pearl educational center), your child glow as pearl in all among children. Aug 2012- Nov 2012| * By using current resources will establish school * Hiring of helping staff which are trained as Montessori trainer. | 4. 6 Long –term Objectives: Year| Objectives| Dec 2012- Dec 2015| * We would get 50% education mar ket share in 3 years * More than 50% people of Gilgat Balistan should be aware of our brand GPEC. in 3 years * 50% people of Gilgat Balistan should be preference to our brand GPEC. in 3 years * We should at least 2 campus (one in Gilgat and other in Diyamer) of our brand GPEC to become market leader in 3 years| Jan 2016- Jan 2018| * We would open more campus other than Gilgat, we target the Khyber pakhtoon khowan which have more close nvironment and people life style etc * At least 5 campuses open in Khyber pakhtoon khowan during next 3 years. | 4. 7 Partner Profile: Muniba Islam| Expertise| | Academic Qualification| | Working Experience| | Working Experience History| | Najum-us-Sehar| Expertise| | Academic Qualification| | Working Experience| | Working Experience History| | Kanwal Gill| Expertise| | Academic Qualification| | Working Experience| | Working Experience History| | BUSINESS LEVEL STRATEGY 5. 1 Competitor product Detailed Analysis the product feature analysis before condu cting the survey: Features| Competitor 1| Competitor 1| Substitute product| Our product| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5. 2 Survey Questionnaire Summary The survey is conducted among 100 peoples Around 73% Around 47% 67% of 33% of businesses uses paper based system 26% using SMS 7% of 20% CHARTS ; GRAPH MARKETING STRATEGY * Market Segmentation Segmentation Variable a) Geographic :City b) Demographic : working Woman, Income * There are two broad market-positioning options available to a Montessori School Based on the household income; the target market will be middle income group. * Based on the target market’s preference, the school will provide quality education at an affordable fee. * Irrespective of the education services, income based target market will play a crucial role in the overall positioning of the school. Any entrepreneur planning to open up a Montessori school should first decide upon the objective of the venture. Various options available in this regard may include: * To plan a Montessori school with emphasis on Daycare services. * To establish a school as a Preparatory School for other reputed Primary Level Sch ools. * To establish a Montessori School with incremental expansion of services into primary and high school level. * Based on income level, the school can position itself for any of the following three broad income groups; THE HIGH INCOME GROUP: The upper income group segment is quality and reputation conscious. Most parents of the children enrolled in these schools belong to the different section of the society i. e. elf-employed businessmen, high paid government or private sector executives. Existing schools in the category charge a fee ranging from Rs. 5,000–10,000 per month. These schools are characterized by large custom built campuses, swimming pools, indoor as well as outdoor physical activities areas, and furnished spacious classrooms with heaters and air conditioners. These schools offer well designed modern course work, and employ highly trained Montessori teachers. MIDDLE CLASS INCOME GROUP: Schools in this category normally charge a fee ranging from Rs. 1,500-5,0 00 per month. These schools cater to children of well-educated and professionally employed parents. The important characteristics of these schools include well located school buildings that may be custom built or rented premises, modern course work adopted by other modern school systems, and comfortable class rooms with some provisions for playing area. LOW INCOME GROUP: The concept of Montessori education is not very old in this income bracket; however an increasing number of parents in this category have also now started sending their children to these schools. One of the major reasons is that most of the private schools at primary level now do not accept students directly in Class 1. This category of schools charges a monthly fee up to Rs. ,500. These schools have small buildings with little or no provisions for physical activities. KEY SUCCESS FACTOR: At a Montessori school level, teachers/attendants play a critical role in the success of learning process. Therefore, it is suggested that staff employed by the school should be highly educated and properly trained for Montessori education. Before starting education services, it is recommended that teacher training program should be imparted. In addition to the quality of teachers employed, the teacher student ratio should be kept at a well-researched optimum level. The education curriculum should be well researched and comprehensive. In addition to paper course work, it is suggested that visual and other teaching tools should also be optimally used. Parents are conscious about the well being and safety of their children at schools, therefore, it is suggested that the school environment ensures security and should be free from any apparent hazards. The school should preferably not be located in a highly populated location or at a location with high traffic hazards. The area of the classrooms should be in line with the number of students in each classroom. Moreover, the classrooms should either be air-conditioned or at least well ventilated. Classrooms should also be well equipped with teaching as well as extracurricular activity aids. Adequate provisions for physical, either indoor or outdoor or both facilities should be made available. Continuous teacher parent interaction should also be a regular feature of the school education system. Formal registration is required for the setup of new Montessori and elementary schools 6. 2 Market Targeting a) City Variable b) Working Woman REGULATIONS: Formal registration is required for the setup of new Montessori and elementary schools with the Executive District Officer (EDO) Education. The application is to be submitted on a prescribed form which can be obtained from the department along with Rs. 5,000 registration fee and Rs. 500 annual subscription. Domestic rates apply on the utility bills if an institution is registered with the department. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGMENT position| number| Monthly salary| Annual salary| Principal| 1| 20,000| 240,000| Teacher coordinator| 1| 12,000| 144,000| Activity teacher| 1| 10,000| 120,000| Computer teacher| 1| 12,000| 144,000| Teacher play ground| 6| 10,000| 720,000| Teacher KG1| 3| 10,000| 360,000| Teacher KG2| 2| 10,000| 240,000| Class1| 1| 10,000| 120,000| Class2| 1| 10,000| 120,000| Game teacher| 1| 12,000| 144,000| Accountant| 1| 12,000| 144,000| Student attendant| 5| 10,000| 600,000| Guard| 2| 8,000| 192,000| Peon| 1| 7,000| 84,000| cleaner| 2| 7,000| 168,000| Principal The principal should be responsible for coordinating all the activities of the school including the hiring of teachers, developing liaison with the parents, maintaining and developing the brand name of the school for appropriate positioning, course design, admission tests and extracurricular activities. Teacher’s coordinator An experienced and trained Montessori school teacher is recommended for this post . The Coordinator would be assisting the principal in all school matters. He/she will be responsible for teachers’ attendance, their performance and evaluation. He/she has to collaborate with students, parents, staff and volunteers to ensure that group activities run effectively. Supervise and monitor the tutoring of students. Coordinate any special projects to increase coaching awareness among teachers including arranging guest speakers, visits and workshops. Accountant The accountant will be responsible for book keeping and maintaining accounts, salaries, and other administrative expenditures. Teachers Experienced teachers or fresh graduates with a natural aptitude for teaching should be employed. A balanced mix of experienced and fresh teachers is recommended for efficient running of the school. Each teacher shall be given a class and held responsible for proper training, imparting knowledge, arranging co-curricular activities for the children and their performances in the examinations. Student Attendants The students in the elementary institutes are very young and may also need attendants or baby-sitters. One attendant will be requiring for every two classes. Librarian / Activity Teacher One person is recommended for running the library and for activity room. Computer Teacher The person should be responsible for the introduction of information technology to the young students and for proper arrangement of students’ games and basic computer learning. EQUIPMENT REQUIRMENT: The details of the different equipment required for the project is given in the following table. EQUIPMENT| QUALITY| COST PER UNIT| TOTAL COST| Computers | 3| 25000| 75000| PRINTERS| 1| 10000| 10000| AIR CONDITIONS| 3| 40000| 160000| FAX MACHINE| 4| 12000| 12000| TELEPHONE SET| 1| 10000| 4000| UPS| 4| 7500| 22500| TOTAL EQUIPMENT| 16| | 283,500| LAND AND BUILDING: AREA REQUIRMENT: For three hundred (300) students, 2. 5 canals of land comprising double story building would be sufficient. A purpose built building may also be purchased. The covered area should have 13 classrooms, one common room for teachers, one room for principal, one for teacher coordinator and one room for the administration staff. Appropriate numbers of washrooms are suggested for teachers, principal, children and administration staff. A big hall should be allocated with proper divisions for library/ entertainment room, and tools. Space Requirements| REQUIRED AREA| Class Rooms| 6000| Teachers Staff Room| 144| Library/Entertainment Room| 500| Admin Rooms| 575| Computer Class| 400| Washrooms ; Kitchen| 270| Grounds| 6961| Total Covered Area Requirement| 14850| Market Segmentation and Targeting Graphical Representation . 6. 3 Positioning Perception Map: 6. 4 Product: Product Information: 6. 4. 1 Product Name We offer two different type of product of three different segments which are: 1. Child care system which target only one segment which are: a. Children Age between 0- 1. 5 years 2. Education development system which target on two segments which are: b. Children Age between 1. 5- 3. 5 years c. Children Age between 3. 5- 6. 5 years 6. 4. 2 Product Features 6. 5 Price Fixed cost = Rs. Variable cost = Rs. ariable Cost= 0 ( As once software is developed there is no additional overhead involved in licensing the software) No Licenses to be issued=70 Cost Per License Per Year= 764,700 /70= Rs 10,924. 29 Cost Per License Per Month=10,924. 29/12= Rs. 910. 36 Markup Profit Percentage = 10% Profit= 910. 36 * 10% =91. 04 Price Will be Charged= Cost Per License Per Month+ Profit=910. 36 + 91. 04=Rs. 1,001. 4 (approx. 6. 6 Promotional Strategy Promotion type| Detail | Advertisements in newspapers| | Company website| | Facebook | | | | 6. 7 Distribution Strategy ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Glowing Pearl Education Center organizational chart CVS Appendix I FOR QUESTION Appendix II FOR Budgeting How to cite Business Plan for Early Childhood Development, Essay examples

Supply and Demand for Hotel Rooms in Australia

Introduction Supply and demand are two vital aspects in any market economy. Supply refers to the quantity of a product that a market can avail. Another definition can be amount of a product that producers are willing to give out at a given price. Demand on the other hand refers to the quantity of a product that customers are willing to buy at a given price.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand for Hotel Rooms in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two are key in the determination of a product or service price (Adil, 2006). Usually, a product or service price keeps on varying until a point where the amount of demand at a particular price equals that of the amount supplied at the same price. This point is termed equilibrium. A relationship exists between demand and supply, which is very important in the determination of the amount of resources to be allocated purposes. Demand law and supply law are applicable in any type of market. The law of demand states that, if the price of a commodity is higher, with all other factors remaining constant, then the demand for the same good is low. This is because people cannot opt for the same good while others of the same value exist at a lower price. The law of supply states that when a products price is higher, then producers readily avail it into the market thus increasing supply (Henderson, 2004). Applying the two principles, that is, demand and supply to the hotel rooms in Sydney, Australia will be of great help in the determination of whether to increase or retain the same number of rooms in the city. There is a higher demand for accommodation than the supply is in Sydney and for this reason, more rooms for accommodation is required. This is in line with the laws of economy whereby supply and demand should match at a given point in order to reach equilibrium to ensure a stable economy. State of Supply and Demand for Accommoda tion in Sydney Sydney is a major tourist attraction in Australia and as such, visitors frequent the city. This calls for more accommodation facilities. According to Jones Lang LaSallee Hotels (2010), Sydney is a major Gateway to Australia and receives a higher number of visitors at night compared to any other city in the country. A survey carried out in 1999 on accommodation supply and demand showed that an increase in the number of visitors was to be 7.3% each year in a span of ten years. This gives a suggestion that supply of accommodation should be increased in order to meet the anticipated increase demand. However, this has not been feasible due to higher costs of construction and land purchase, which all along has not been compensated for because of poor market for accommodation (Jones Lang LaSallee Hotels, 2010). Sydney city has all along not reached the anticipated growth in accommodation market. This is attributed to various factors, major ones being; firstly, in 2001 and 20 02 most of accommodation rooms were converted into residential rooms owing to the reason that they are more profitable compared to the former (Jones Lang LaSallee Hotels, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This fall has not been recovered since then meaning that more accommodation has to be put in place. Secondly, supply of accommodation services has been on the decrease over the last ten year due to their low performance in the market. Thirdly, demand for the same facilities has been low and this has led to many people investing into residential services. In 2007, supply increased by 1,300 rooms which was a number higher than the projected figure. This increase is due to the distribution of accommodation facilities in all parts of the city compared to the earlier trends where accommodation was only available in the city CBD. In the same year, demand for accommodation al so accelerated. Wiltshire (2008) contends that demand and supply for accommodation in Sydney has over the last ten years been imbalanced; supply being higher between December 2005 and June 2006. Between September 2006 and December 2007, demand was higher than supply. In 2008, supply of accommodation was higher than that of demand. With the above rates of demand and supply, more rooms for accommodation are expected. According to a survey conducted by Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels (2010a), 89% of the total 9,923 rooms are hotels. They are all in the Central Business District (CBD) and account for 30% of the accommodation rooms in Sydney. According to their report, demand for accommodation was expected to rise as from last year. This growth is attributed to a number of factors, which include the following; first is the anticipated globe recovery from financial crisis. Once the globe recovers from the crisis, money will be readily available, as the economy will stabilize. This means that ma ny activities such as tourism, sports, and such like activities that calls for accommodation needs will be in place thus accelerating demand. Mostly, local demand was to be on the higher extreme as compared to international one whose growth was to be medium in 2010. Second is the expected rise in demand for accommodation with a figure of 80% and 82.5% through 2012 to 2014 as compared to that of 2009, which range between 74% and 79% (Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels, 2010a). A steady and strong demand for accommodation has been recorded between 2010 and 2011. The figures indicate a steady rise in the demand level for occupancy and this clearly indicates the need for construction or conversion of more and more rooms in Sydney city into accommodation rooms. However, achieving this dream is doomed by various reasons such as high profits gained from alternative uses, scarcity of appropriate land for construction, high costs for construction, poor financial status by the stakeholders and low inc ome from these rooms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand for Hotel Rooms in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lack of Government recognition of hotels as a source of income that can stimulate a stable economic growth has also a big share in low development in the sector. A realization for this with proper planning will see this problem over thus encouraging more supply for accommodation in order to meet demand. Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels (2010a) states that Sydney is a major tourist attraction center as compared to the rest of the cities in Australia due to its two attractions. The two key attractions in Sydney are the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge. In 2008, the highest number of visitor night was recorded with a figure of 68.9 million. This is the highest number of visitors recorded in Sydney and in the whole of Australia. For the last two decades, the number of internation al tourists has been on the rise. Sydney has activities all year round and as such, many accommodation facilities are required. Upcoming events such like Sydney New Year’s celebrations and the Emirates Melbourne cup tour (Sydney tourist guide, 2011), will add to the demand of more rooms for accommodation. Whenever such events take place in a country, a lot of space is required as, different people come to participate or as spectators with all of them in need of a room to provide shelter. Sydney contributes most to Australian economy and its Central Business District is the biggest in comparison to those of other cities. Large commercial sites such as Parramatta are also in Sydney. Sydney also has other major roles such as hosting headquarters for both the Australian Stock Exchange and Reserve Bank of Australia (Wilttshire, 2008). A good number of banking industries in Australia is located in Sydney. Having all these major responsibilities, there is need to improve the existin g and constructing more other accommodation rooms in order to cater for the current demand. Under normal circumstance, people living in such a city are expected to lead a cheaper life due to the availability of all the necessary facilities at hand. Contrary to this expectation is that, Sydney is has been ranked 16 in number among the most expensive cities in the world (Wilttshire, 2008). The available rooms are given out at a very high price thus affecting the demand. A better solution to such a problem is the provision for more rooms at an affordable price in order to encourage demand.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proposed accommodation type Supply for accommodation in Sydney is low and for this reason, more accommodation rooms are required. Compared to furnished apartments, motels, hotels and other forms of accommodation, hotels are more preferable due to their cost of construction and rent (Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels, 2010a). The current hotels in Sydney should be upgraded to current standards and new ones put up in order to match the present high demand. Both the government and the private investors are supposed to realize that this type of investment can act as a stable source of income and invest in them. Although due to space, apartments can work best, their cost of construction is high, and this will call for higher prices in order to offset the amount used for construction. Hotels are a bit cheaper and people from all calibers can afford. A factor also to consider is the conversion or the residential rooms within the city back into their initial purposes of accommodation (Wilttshire, 2 008). This has a direct bearing in the reduction of the amount of money that could be used in constructing new rooms. These rooms should be renovated, and upgraded to meet the present accommodation requirement. Conclusion As per the report given by the Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels on accommodation supply and demand in Sydney, there has been a steady increase in accommodation demand. The year 2010 recorded a stronger and stable demand level (The Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels, 2010b). Due to lack of government interest in investing into this kind of business, demand for accommodation has continually increased while supply remains constant. Therefore, more accommodation should be provided and thus meet the demand. Sydney hosts major activities in Australia e.g. major celebrations, state conferences, banking services among others. The living standards in the city are very high and the cost of construction for accommodation equally high. The key issue when it comes to provision of accommodation in Sydney is planning rather than cost. With proper planning, accommodation can be made more available without constraints. To balance demand and supply, more rooms are needed in order to increase supply. References Adil. J., R., 2006. Supply and Demand. Capstone Press, New York. Henderson, H., D., 2004. Supply and Demand. Kessinger Publishing, London. Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels., 2010. Accommodation Demand Trend. Web. Jones Lang LaSalle Hotels., 2010. Accommodation Demand Trend. Web. Sydney Tourist Guide, 2011. Australia Hotel Investment Market. Web. Wilttshire, N., 2008. New Hotel Supply Needed to Drive Future Demand Growth. Web. This essay on Supply and Demand for Hotel Rooms in Australia was written and submitted by user Brayl0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Online Shopping Essay Example

Online Shopping Essay Example Online Shopping Essay Online Shopping Essay Internet has developed in new delivery channels electronic transactions are increasing day by day. This need has arisen to understand how internet adopted by consumers foe online Shopping. Most of the people who use the internet may purchase goods online, but that there are still some reasons for which consumers are reluctant to buy online. The attitudes of people toward he purchase online are different in Pakistan as compare to other Countries. The purpose of this study is to review the factors felt reservation of consumers in online shopping. The main objective fifths research is to study, especially what are factors affecting the consumers directly for online shopping. To this end, for this purpose use special Observations and also used study papers to develop a clean reports of factors affecting consumers buying behavior as a online Purchasers. The results of the survey analysis has shown that most of the people already shopping online and prefer to make their purchases online, but there are mom factors such as psychological factors, social factors, emotional factors, and the privacy factors, Education Factors, Culture, which affect the buyer attitudes of online purchases. The protection of privacy and providing security to Consumer Who Are Purchasing Online (Use Cards) are major problems that affect the behavior of the population to buy online. Various attitudes of consumers toward online shopping are not in rest in the study which reveals that the purchase online is easy, comfortable and better that conventional shopping due to various factors. Price, the trust, the convenience and the recommendations have been identified as important factors. Price was Considered to be the most fascinating and affecting factor for the majority of students and the general public. Most of the consumers hesitate not to do shopping online, because of the insecure payment and transactions systems. Purpose. Online Shopping In Pakistan, Factors affecting Consumers online Buying Behavior, Future of Online Shopping in Pakistan, Virtual purchasing Introduction: From The Last Ten Years Researchers and practitioners thinking new ways to motivate Customers to purchase using the electronic commerce. Hence they are looking with great insight the behavior of Customers. With the development of the retail E-commerce, researchers continue to explain E- attitude of consumers by different perspectives. E-commerce is the buying and selling of the goods and services online; internet is the best source to use this tool. Today the amount of trade that is conducted electronically using e-commerce has increased with a wide spread usage Of internet and technology. E- commerce includes transferring of funds online, Online Banking Services supply chain management, marketing over internet, In Pakistan it started as buying of online services from other countries virtually and it involved a omelet trade in which service was given through internet and money was transferred through credit Cards. The invention of the internet has created a new way of the Purchasing as compare to traditional way people shop. Customers are no longer tied to be waiting for opening of Shops; it may become active virtually at any time and any place to purchase products and services. The Internet is relatively new medium for the communication and the exchange of information which has become present in our daily lives. The number of Internet users is constantly increasing, which is also significance that online purchasing is increasing avidly. The Future of Online Purchasing now opening new ways for small investors to Invest and Work Virtually by Starting their Business. (Joins, Scorcher Schlep, 2003). Today managers are tapping into the power of e-commerce. Observing many feasible solutions to sinking business Sector Of Pakistan, A large number Of firms have acquired e-commerce for their business and have progressed through this tool. E business has emerged to be the one of the most important marketing and sales tool. With the help of E-Business you can purchase anything that is available on the internet. Critical understanding of consumer behavior in the electronic environment, as in this physical world, can be achieved if the factors that affect the purchase decision are ignored or unequivocal. For example, online consumers fears about the lack opportunity to examine products before purchase specifically regarded as influential factors in direct purchase Decision. Therefore, several researchers have proposed that the consumers purchasing behavior in online shops could Be Different. Buyers and frequent use of the Internet shopping expected more often will be marketed and enhances their confidence on web site for the less online prevalent and buyers. It is clear that some electronic markets unique characteristics. If the electronic means any ignored basic facts about consumer behavior, and because of this point more than promises and marketing electronic in this context business to consumers will not be achieved [Nuns, 2001]. Through e business different type businesses has gained an opportunity to increase their sale and can maintain a direct Relationship with its customers without any other person between you and your customer. E-business has helped a lot in the globalization of businesses throughout the world. Companies can easily market their product in the whole world And can create retreat market of their product. Ernst Young (2000) is stated that its cost and competitive prices, due to the purchase on the internet delivery but the products cinch to review the system and fear of credit card hacking consumers are major concern. Internet shopping refers to purchase of goods and services through the Internet. An internet negotiate incarnation applies to the psychological state of our customers, in terms of online shopping. Consumers are reluctant to buy products online and it has many reasons for this phenomenon because they consider that they do not believe in the recess of online purchases for the insecurity of credit or debit cards, the passwords, the Process of hacking information, less time to devote, unreliable, entrust;rotor, a breach of privacy and social risks. Research Objectives: What are the main factors, which concerns the on-line consumers to shop online on the Internet? how these Factors influence the consumers, when shopping online? Why is it that consumers delay or hesitate to make decision for shopping online? Literature Review. We always here the back comments about Internet and blamed that They Decrease Activity in local Circle, But now with a computer and access to internet a person can think globally to start a online Business. According to (Vestry Chapter, 2001) the internet can make it easier for businesses to have information on their products and services available to their potential customers. A company can meet the individual needs of the customer information to a lower cost per report to the dispatch of product catalog. Vestry Chapter, 2001 ) asserts that the businesses without physical presence must market themselves considerably, both online and off line, for that the Consumers to remember their name. Smith and Erupt (2003) have examined and identify the factors in their work hat affects the behavior of consumers. These issues have been identified as for the marketing effort, socio-cultural inf luence, emotional factor, the psychological factors and privacy factors, to the experience, the purchase and post -purchase decisions. They also show that consumers are affected by various psychological factors, such as perception, motivation, personality, attitudes and emotions. Due to the importance of making consumers feel secure and comfortable, the author argues that the information concerning the security must be to the mediation consumers in such a way that the sense of security is increased. The study clearly indicates that the trust and convenience are major influence for the online consumer shopping behavior, even if they are influencing the decision making process Smith and Erupt (2003). Research Methodology. According to Mr.. Trochaic, Random Samples can be selected from a selected Population whos Attributes Represents the Whole selected Population hence the Resultant Factors can be applied to the whole population because the random samples are considered to be Universal Attributes. In this Study used my observation and also Questionnaires from Random Samples Base on demographics Conditions Such as age, gender, sessions etc. Data Analysis and Findings, Table 1: Demographic summary of survey participants. Based on Genders Category Frequency Percentage Males 67 67% Females 33 33% Totals. 100 100% Based on Age 18-27 45 28-37 30 37-onward 25 25% The survey has been conducted on the 1 00 random samples of selected population. Hence, table: 1 Illustrate that 67% males and 33% females respondents participated in Online Shopping Survey. At the Same Time as 45% participants are 18-27 age of Group. And the 35% participant are 28-37% age group, while the rest of the category belongs to above the age group of 37 and more. The results of the Survey Reveals very extreme situation that mostly the young population (18-27) engaged in Online Shopping Online shopping is a new thing for people in Pakistan. But According to my Survey it reveals that Peoples in Pakistan very rapidly moving towards online shopping. About 44% peoples are engaged in online Shopping and 54% are not purchase online they also declare that they have never experienced do any kind of online shopping, Although most of them argue that they will buy online in future. Enormous and Fast expansion of Internet from the last decade, the people of Pakistan are taking interest in online shopping. They said that they want to purchase online while sitting in their homes and work place, after getting good service response, quality of product, competitive price and on time delivery through online shopping, then always try to recommend their friends and family members for online shopping. This to be the Evidence that 40% Peoples want to purchase Online but Due To Security Risks and flaws they Dont Purchase. Also price on the Online Store Comparatively high from local Stores. These are the Major Problems Demonstrated by the peoples they want an easy cash system and security also Form Filling Help Videos and easy to Understand Website. The overall results in chart 3 demonstrate that about 70% of the people positively believe that much time is saved while shopping online because it is the fact that when shopping online from home or office does not involve to leave that place, that could be consider as a time saving. On the other side about 27% of the people have neutral attitude about this and 3% of the people have negative attitude towards time saving factor through online shopping. Trust and security is the main factor that hinders people from purchasing online. This will investigate overall respondent attitude towards trust and security when shopping online. It has been asked from the respondent how much they felt secure when shopping online. The use of credit and debit cards and other account details while shopping Online creates a risk of disclose of personal details due to which it could be misuse of personal and account information of the customer. From The above Chart It can be illustrate that only 28% peoples trust and fell secure while purchasing online. Although the Purchasing Online Ratio is Higher as compare to trust factor but these purchaser also have fear of their privacy hacking and misuse of it. About 58% dont Felt Secure when archiving online and included also those who purchase online. In Questionnaire they said that they felt insecure when they enter their accounts information to an unknown Website who Guarantee they Dont Misuse Our Personal Information. Price is also a Factor which Peoples considered when purchasing Online. Usually Most of the online stores charge greater price as compare to local store so peoples dont consider to buy online a costly product. The Above Chart Clearly Showing that about 40% Peoples have the View That Things are Costly on the Internet, So, Thats Why They Dont Want to by Online. Chart 6 results confirms that almost 49% people have opinion in accordance with this fact that online shopping is convenient and easy as compare to shopping in the market. On the other side about 19% were in opposition to this perception that it is not very convenient and easy for everyone to find the right product easily through online Shopping. About 32 % were neutral in this regard that online shopping is neither convenient nor inconvenient. Overall respondents have a positive attitude towards online shopping is convenient. And they want to buy online. In Pakistan culture, there are bounties of the factors which are affecting inline shopping consumers buying behavior. For instance psychological, social, emotional and privacy factors have major effects on consumers buying behavior. Chart 7 results shows that 40% of the respondent has agreed on that Psychological factor is the main factor not to do online shopping and affecting consumer buying behavior. About 25% of the respondents pointed out the privacy factor, 20% pointed out social factor and 15% pointed out emotional factor affecting Pakistani consumers buying behavior. It has been mentioned that adverse to democratic belief, the consumers will not have to ay for privacy, and consists of the elimination of the revelation of the identity of the Internet Services. They Afraid Of Doing Online Transactions. The results of the survey in chart 8 demonstrate that 38% about of the respondents have agreed with this that different organizations would be able to market their products or brands through online shopping via Internet and they can offer cash discount deals on online shopping instantly. About 22% of the respondents neither agree nor disagree on online marketing and get discounted deals directly. And 40% of the respondents were in opposition to his stance and they had never get discounted deals through online shopping. Conclusion. The study was accomplished to discover the effects of online shopping towards the attitude of consumer buying behavior in Pakistan. Online shopping is getting more and trendier in Pakistan as well as in rest of the world but the velocity of online shopping in Pakistan is slower as compared to the entire world. According to our survey, online shopping is getting popularity in the young generation such as students and professionals. Students usually prefer to buy goods from its original source and they mostly prefer online shopping When a consumers to make purchases online to buy something, he or she is affected by assorted factors. The main influencing factors have been identified as, price, confidence, security, convenience, time, after sale service and discounted deals. The price factor exists because the prices are often lower through online shopping as compared with physical purchases in the market. Buy online can be of great benefit to the consumer in terms of convenience, saving time and money. One of the prime obstacles in the way back-up of online shopping is that people usually get petrified when the other computer demands the complete details of the customers.

The 5 Great Schools of Ancient Greek Philosophy

The 5 Great Schools of Ancient Greek Philosophy Ancient Greek philosophy extends from as far as the seventh century B.C. up until the beginning of the Roman Empire, in the  first century A.D. During this period five great philosophical traditions originated: the Platonist, the Aristotelian, the Stoic, the Epicurean, and the Skeptic. Ancient Greek philosophy distinguishes itself from other early forms of philosophical and theological theorizing for its emphasis on reason as opposed to the senses or the emotions. For example, among the most famous arguments from pure reason we find those against the possibility of motion presented by Zeno. Early Figures in Greek Philosophy Socrates, who lived at the end of the fifth century B.C., was  Plato’s teacher and a key figure in the rise of Athenian philosophy. Before the time of Socrates and Plato, several figures established themselves as philosophers in small islands and cities across the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. Parmenides, Zeno, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, and Thales all belong to this group. Few of their written works have been preserved to the present day; it was not until Platos time that ancient Greeks began transmitting philosophical teachings in text. Favorite themes include the principle of reality (e.g., the one or the logos); the good; the life worth being lived; the distinction between appearance and reality; the distinction between philosophical knowledge and layman’s opinion. Platonism Plato (427-347 B.C.) is the first of the central figures of ancient philosophy and he is the earliest author whose work we can read in considerable quantities. He has written about nearly all major philosophical issues and is probably most famous for his theory of universals and for his political teachings. In Athens, he established a school – the Academy – at the beginning of the fourth century B.C., which remained open until 83 A.D. The philosophers who chaired the Academy after Plato contributed to the popularity of his name, although they did not always contribute to the development of his ideas. For example, under the direction of Arcesilaus of Pitane, began 272 B.C., the Academy became famous as the center for academic skepticism, the most radical form of skepticism to date. Also for these reasons, the relationship between Plato and the long list of authors who recognized themselves as Platonists throughout the history of philosophy is complex and subtle. Aristotelianism Aristotle (384-322B.C.) was a student of Plato and one of the most influential philosophers to date. He gave an essential contribution to the development of logic (especially the theory of syllogism), rhetoric, biology, and – among others – formulated the theories of substance and virtue ethics. In 335 B.C. he founded a school in Athens, the Lyceum, which contributed to disseminate his teachings. Aristotle seems to have written some texts for a broader public, but none of them survived. His works we are reading today were first edited and collected around 100 B.C. They have exercised tremendous influence not only upon the Western tradition but also upon the Indian (e.g. the Nyaya school) and the Arabic (e.g. Averroes) traditions. Stoicism Stoicism originated in Athens with Zeno of Citium, around 300B.C. Stoic philosophy is centered on a metaphysical principle that had been already developed, among others, by Heraclitus: that reality is governed by logos and that what happens is necessary. For Stoicism, the goal of human philosophizing is the achievement of a state of absolute tranquility. This is obtained through the progressive education to independence from one’s needs. The stoic philosopher will not fear any bodily or social condition, having trained not to depend on bodily need or any specific passion, commodity, or friendship. This is not to say that the stoic philosopher will not seek pleasure, success, or long-standing relationships: simply that she will not live for them. The influence of Stoicism on the development of Western philosophy is hard to overestimate; among its most devoted sympathizers were  the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, the economist Hobbes, and the philosopher  Descartes. Epicureanism Among philosophers’ names, â€Å"Epicurus† is probably one of those that is most frequently cited in non-philosophical discourses. Epicurus taught that the life worth being lived is spent seeking pleasure; the question is: which forms of pleasure? Throughout history, Epicureanism has often been misunderstood as a doctrine preaching the indulgence into the most vicious bodily pleasures. On the contrary, Epicurus himself was known for his temperate eating habits, and for his moderation. His exhortations were directed towards the cultivation of friendship as well as any activity which most elevates our spirits, such as music, literature, and art. Epicureanism was also characterized by metaphysical principles; among them, the theses that our world is one out of many possible worlds and that what happens does so by chance. The latter doctrine is developed also in Lucretius’s De Rerum Natura. Skepticism Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360-c. 270 B.C.) is the earliest figure in ancient Greek skepticism. on record. He seems to have written no text and to have held common opinion in no consideration, hence attributing no relevance to the most basic and instinctive habits. Probably influenced also by the Buddhist tradition of his time, Pyrrho viewed the suspension of judgment as a means to achieve that freedom of disturbance that alone can lead to happiness. His goal was to keep each human’s life in a state of perpetual inquiry. Indeed, the mark of skepticism is the suspension of judgment. In its most extreme form, known as academic skepticism and first formulated by Arcesilaus of Pitane, there is nothing that should not be doubted, including the very fact that everything can be doubted. The teachings of ancient skeptics exercised a deep influence on a number of major Western philosophers, including Aenesidemus (1st century B.C.), Sextus Empiricus (2nd century A.D.), Michel de Montaigne (1533 -1592), Renà ¨ Descartes, David Hume, George E. Moore, Ludwig Wittgenstein. A contemporary revival of skeptical doubting was initiated by Hilary Putnam in 1981 and later developed into the movie The Matrix (1999.)

The Baroque Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Baroque Period - Essay Example The art forms of the period are characterized as intense, immediate, and individualist (Sullivan). These characteristics were achieved through the manipulation of movement and energy of the paintings and sculptures. Most of the themes of the art forms were mainly of considerable action and lively momentum. For a case in point, consider Gianlorenzo Bernini’s David (1623). This marble sculpture was set at a dynamic point, the moment at which David was about to hurl the sling. At such point of action, Bernini added emotion by carving it out of David’s face, revealing enthusiasm, and fury out of the sculpture. As most of the figures of the Baroque, Bernini’s subject was a human figure. Naturalism was still a general attribute of baroque art, and science gradually influenced art pieces. This could be seen in David’s elaborate details of the body structure. In paintings, the same characteristics could be observed. In Caravaggio’s representation of Christ from the cross, Entombment (1603), the depicted scene shows a sense of movement and emotions. The painting engages the viewer into sympathizing with the subjects through the evident emotions depicted in the faces and movements of the figures. The emotion of the moment was captured as well through the manipulation of light, which is also an attribute of Baroque period. Such paintings were commissioned by the church to draw people into returning to the Catholic Church at the time of the Counter-Reformation.The architecture of the period was grand, like the energy.

Business - Executive presence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business - Executive presence - Essay Example This charismatic personality of the individual makes him attractive to people, thus the people follow him. Ultimately, people trust the leadership of the executive and they are assured of the sense of self. There are five classes of executive presence, which contain the sixteen executive traits. These classes include business intelligence, risk taking, interpersonal relationship, performance improvement, and self-development characteristics. The business intelligence characteristics include strategic vs. tactical, whole company perspective, and financial framework. Risk taking characteristics entail capitalizing on change and ambiguity, leaping ahead in one’s career, and going beyond the comfort zone. Interpersonal relationship characteristics include clear communication, managing vs. leading, and sharing the limelight. Performance improvement characteristics are composed of prioritizing an individual’s projects, developing solid thinking skills, and developing discernm ent. Lastly, self-development characteristics include knowing thyself, seeking feedback, gaining confidence, and training. These executive traits are important for the creating the executive presence in any organization. For instance, effective communication in a clear and precise manner is crucial for the development of executive presence. Executive Presence Executive presence is possessed by an individual who has a confident and a powerful persona. The charismatic personality of the individual attracts people and makes them follow the individual. Then, people trust in the executive’s leadership and they are assured of the sense of self. The individual is a strong force within the organization. The individual does not hesitate; he or she takes immediate action. He is confident and decisive with the choices and he is not wavered by anything. Even if the individual is wrong, his or her outward demeanor is not affected. He just tries again because taking risks is his part of th e natural approach (Garfinkle, 2011). The individual is assertive and constantly moves forward with what he wants. He believes in something and directs all his force and energy towards it. He is not forceful but very firm with his opinions and ideas. The respective with which the individual treats others prevents them from seeing his or her aggressiveness and assertiveness. The individual creates consensus with the others so that they feel included in the concepts that he or she encourages. When he or she leverages his expertise and the areas in which he is experienced, executive presence follows. As individual develops executive traits, he or she builds executive presences into an important component of the current state (Garfinkle, 2011).There are five categories of executive presence which encompass the sixteen executive traits. These categories include business intelligence, risk taking, interpersonal relationship, performance improvement, and self-development characteristics. B usiness Intelligence Characteristics Strategic vs. Tactical Having tactical skills (that is, the capability to manage day-to-day tasks and actions) is crucial to the success of the career. However,

Greenblatt Guru of New Historicism

Greenblatt Guru of New Historicism According to M.A.R Habib, New Historicism has become a literary term closely associated with Greenblatt, who is generally regarded as the guru of New Historicism and, as a predictable result of his sudden prominence, the focus of much criticism. By breaking disciplinary boundaries between the text and history, and between fiction and reality, New Historicism, eventually and inevitably, has now come to terms with the decision to set up its priority in a place between textualism and contextualism. In other words Karbe believes that text or phenomena cannot be somehow torn from history and analyzed in isolation outside of the historical process (401). Against the traditional view to history as Tyson says history is a matter of interpretations, not facts, and that interpretations always occur within a framework of social conventions(289),so the new historicist critics believes that all historical analysis is unavoidably subjective. Historians must therefore reveal the ways in which they know they have been positioned, by their own cultural experience, to interpret history (290). In order to know the rule of literature in new historicism and the relation between the society and environment of the time or generally the role of history of time and place to create a literary work, it would be highly important to explain some details to understand this notion better. Like the other new historicist critics Tyson believes that for new historical critics, a literary text doesnt embody the authors intention or illustrate the spirit of the age that produced it, as traditional literary historians asserted. In continues he assert that: Nor are literary texts self-sufficient art objects that transcend the time and place in which they were written, as New Critics believed. Rather, literary texts are cultural artifacts that can tell us something about the interplay of discourses, the web of social meanings, operating in the time and place in which the text was written. And they can do so because the literary text is itself part of the interplay of discourses, a thread in the dynamic web of social meaning. For new historicism, the literary text and the historical situation from which it emerged are equally important because text (the literary work) and context (the historical conditions that produced it) are mutually constitutive: they create each other (291-2). Like the dynamic interplay between individual identity and society, literary texts shape and are shaped by their historical contexts. Michael Payne asserts; new historicism is a collection of practices rather than school or a method (2), so thats why flourishing in the 80s, New Historicism mainly based on French philosopher Michel Foucaults theories offered just such a critique of history, and the dominant new historicist theories which have been used in this study would be according to the Foucaults definitions of this term. The new historicism explores the place of literature in an ongoing contest of power within society which has been defined widely latter by Foucault whose ideas have strongly influenced the development of new historicism, power circulates in all directions, to and from all social levels, at all times(Tyson 284). The others notions which are directly related to the new historicism are discourse, identity and the episteme of the time. Dr. Chung Hsiung Lai in his es say Limits and Beyond: Greenblatt, New Historicism and a Feminist Genealogy says that language is bound up with questions of identity because it is through language that we speak of ourselves and interact with others (4). We can promote the role of language in a new historicist reading to discursive power or social self fashioning force which Foucault explain them later fully. New historicist reading of the literary work according to Foucault, could be reading it according to dominant discourse and episteme of the time of the writer which could help the researcher to comprehend the identity of the creative characters of the selected works better and also helps to understand the intention of the author to create this imaginative world. Accordingly it is beyond argument that notwithstanding Greenblatt as a dominant figure in new historicism, Foucaults theories as a new historicist author have been concerned largely with the concepts of power, knowledge and discourse, These concepts alongside of the other concepts like identity and episteme are those which could applied in the text of so many literary works in a new historicist reading of them; but the author that has been selected for this study is Margaret Atwood who the notion of new historicism is highly applicable in her novels especially the selected ones The Handmaids Tale and Edible Woman. Atwood has created a stunning Orwellian vision of the near future in The Handmaids Tale. This is the story of Offred, one of the unfortunate Handmaids under the new social order who have only one purpose: to breed. In Gilead, where women are prohibited from holding jobs, reading and forming friendships, Offreds persistent memories of life in the time before and will to survive are acts of rebellion. According to Dr. Chung Hsiung Lai Greenblatt evokes the traditional privileging of speech over writing, where meaning are thought to be somehow less ambiguous as the speaker consciously aims at reducing the chances of misinterpretation (5).Howells in her essay Margaret Atwoods Dystopian Vision: The Handmaids Tale and Oryx and Crake asserts that this novel might usefully begin with this statement, for Offreds fictive autobiography come to us as a written text, and only at the end do we discover that, what we have been reading was actually a spoken narrative which has been transcribed from the old caste types and reconstructed for publication long after the narrator is dead(165). The second novel which has been analyzed in this study is Edible Woman, The edible woman of the novels title is, most obviously, a doll shape cake cooked and consumed in the novels conclusion. However the title also refers to the novels main character, Marian MacAlpin, who is so preoccupied with food that she interprets life around her in terms of food consumption, eventually come to identify with food, and develops a serious eating disorder as well as some romantic relations, love affairs, a broken marital engagement, a planned pregnancy and birth. The concept of body is what Atwood use widely, during the plotline of these two novels, and Foucault in Discipline and Punishment and also History of Sexuality use and explain this notion which would be highly useful in this study and At the centre of the study is a triangulated set of concepts concerning the body and its articulation with relations of power and knowledge. Barry Smart asserts that Genealogical analysis reveals the body as an object of knowledge and as a target for the exercise of power. The body is shown to be located in a political field, invested with power relations which render it docile and productive, and thus politically and economically useful (69) Thus the exercise of power necessarily puts into circulation apparatuses of knowledge, that is creates sites where knowledge is formed. Foucault himself in Discipline and Punishment asserts that a knowledge of the body that is not exactly the science of its functioning, and a mastery of its forces that is more than the ability to conquer them(26). and also Bartky believes that Both [feminism and Foucault] identify the body as the site of the power (102).Thus this analysis of power has set in motion an entirely new way of examining power relations in society, focusing more on resistance than simple passive oppression. Foucault also interested in the way that power operates through different forms of regime at particular historical period , Foucaults genealogical analyses begin with an examination of the character of modern power relations literally with the question of how power is exercised and the associated issue of the relationships between power and knowledge(Smart p. 69), and also Mills declares that For Foucault, discipline is a set of strategies, procedures and ways of behaving which are associated with certain institutional contexts and which then permeate ways of thinking and behaving in general(44). History is the other word, plays a dominant role in Foucaults ideas. Sara Mills explains that for Foucault the past is not seen as inevitably leading up to the present, a view of history which renders the past banal; it is very strangeness of the past which makes us able to see clearly the strangeness of the present(24). Then in The Archaeology of Knowledge Foucault develops the term episteme that is the body of knowledge and the ways of knowing which are in circulation at the particular moment. This study has been circulated around those Foucaults ideas which are relevant to analysis of selected novels. Argument David Staines in his essay Margaret Atwood in Her Canadian Context introduces Atwood as a prolific writer and a hit with literary critics, who became internationally famous after the popular and critical success of her 1984 novel, The Handmaids Tale. Atwood began her career in the 1960s, teaching English and at first publishing poetry, short stories and literary criticism. Her other novels include Surfacing (1972), Cats Eye (1988), Alias Grace (1996) and the 2000 Booker Prize winner, The Blind Assassin. About the concept of history Atwood in one of her lectures on her first historical novel asked a fundamental question which she tries to answers in her later novels, she asked What does the past tell us?Then she answered, In and of itself, it tells us nothing. We have to be listening first, before it will say a word; and even so, listening is telling and then retelling( Coomi S. Vevaina 86. ) . Coomi S. Vevaina tries to explain how far Atwood believe the concept of history and how far she used this concept in her Novels; he declares that in all her [Atwoods] works, Atwood reveals a distinctly postmodern engagement with history(87). He then continues that by recording some tapes Offred becomes an elocutionary act and her narrative(87); or better to say her story status warning against moral dictatorship and atrocity is summarily dismissed in an editorial aside by the male professional historian how is interested in reconstructing his grand impersonal narrative of a vanished nations hi story(87). Howells in her essay regarding the dystopian vision in Margaret Atwoods Handmaids tale asserts that this novel might usefully begin with this statement, for Offreds fictive autobiography come to us as a written text, and only at the end do we discover that, what we have been reading was actually a spoken narrative which has been transcribe from the old caste types and reconstruct for publication ling after the narrator is dead(165). Thus by help of this story we recognize the episteme of the time which Atwood tries to criticize, episteme according to Foucault is: the total set of relations that unite, at a given period, the discursive practices that give rise to epistemological figures, sciences, and possibly formalized systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The episteme is not a form of knowledgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦or type of rationality which, crossing the boundaries of the most varied sciences, manifests the sovereign unity of a subject, a spirit, or a period; it is the totality of relations that can be discovered for a given period, between the sciences when one analyses them at the level of discursive regularities(191). Moreover Howells believes that the issue of language and power has always been crucial in construction of dystopias:throughout the history of dystopian fiction the conflict of the text has often turned on the control of language (166). and it is Offreds attempt to seize it [the language] to make it hers (Cixous, Medusa. 343), which gives her narrative its appeal as one woman story of resistance against patriarchal tyranny. In both Edible woman and Handmaids Tale the efforts of heroin for resistance is obvious because both of them revolt against something and someone, Such revolts about conditions, staff, practices, and treatments have at root been resistances against the very materiality of the prison and punishment as instruments of power, resistances against a particular technology of power exercised over both the mind and body of the individual (Smart 74). Identity is the matter which Atwoods protagonist deals with and the great impact of society on them is not deniable, they are what the society likes to be, thats why they are looking for a way to resistance. As the case in point Goldblatt in Reconstructing Margaret Atwoods Protagonists asserts that in The Edible Woman Marians body is also a battlefield. Unable to cope with her impending marriage to Peter, Marian finds herself unable to ingest any food that was once alive. Repulsed by her societys attitude of consumerism (275), On the other hand the story of Offred in Gilead society is the same, Goldblatt continues Offreds identity and value as a child bearer as well in The Handmaids Tale, are proclaimed by her clothes in her totalitarian city of Gilead, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ she is no longer owns a name; she if Of Fred, the concubine named for the man who will impregnate her(276). Considering the new historicist approach according to Foucaults ideas (especially those which are fit to selected novels) the researcher wants to proof that, the purpose of present study is to trace the fundamental and substantial elements of new historicism in Atwoods Handmaids Tale and The Edible Woman. In order to gain the purpose the researcher tries to answer the following questions: Upon what social understanding do these works depends? What other cultural events occurred surrounding the original production of these texts? How may these events be relevant to the text under investigation? Why might reader at a particular time and place find these works compelling? Do contemporary issues and cultural milieu of the time of the author operate together to create her novels? Significance of the study There are two main reasons, which make doing this research important. The first reason is the author herself who is the contemporary leading novelist. And the second one is that this research gives a chance to know how Foucault ideas as an approach applicable on Atwoods selected novels. What makes this research significant is that up to the present time there are so many researches and studies on Atwoods short stories, poem or novels but in none of the researches deal with new historical approach. The present study wants to show, against so many critics who place Atwood in the list of feminist critics, there are others aspects rather than feminism in Atwoods works that could be noticeable. Sawicki asserts that Foucault emphasis on the sexual body as a target and vehicle of this new form of power / knowledge is reproduced in feminist analyses of modern form patriarchal control over womens mind and bodies in the context of the emergence of the sciences of medicine, social work, and psychology(290). From this stand point which most of the protagonist of Atwoods Novels are women, to look at the overall pattern it is generally accepted these heroines are in search of knowledge in order to gain power for resistance but in contrast to the traditional definition of power, the power which Foucault talks about is totally different. Mark Robson in Routledge Critical Thinkers: Stephen Greenblatt indicates that: Central to Foucaults work is the notion that knowledge is always a form of power. Thus advances in psychiatry or in the treatment of illnesses also lead to new ways of controlling the people who are mad or ill. Such control tends to reinforce the power of those in a position to impose the categories. But this does not mean that power is simply exercised from the top down. As Foucault puts it:power is everywhere; not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere ( 55). To sum up, the present study tries to insist on the element of new historicism specially Foucaltian approach on Atwoods selected novels which are believed that would be fully applicable. Review of Literature This study is a library research and all the information is obtain through different books, whether directly or indirectly discussing the materials, essays, electronic sources and many other possible sources in which the related materials can be found. This research is mainly focused on the original text of selected novels which are published, and also secondary sources, which explain and criticized these Novels, are used in order to help elaboration of the novels. The primarily concentration is on those studies which are related to the conception of new Historicism. Coral Ann Howells in The Cambridge Companion to Margaret Atwood tries to gather essays by Twelve leading international Atwood critics, provides the most comprehensive and up to date account of Atwoods novels. These essays consider Atwood theme, language, humor and narrative techniques. As a case in point Somacarreras essayPower politics: power and identity or Vevainas Margaret Atwood and history with many other essay from this book could help this study to move up in a better way. The Greenblatt Readers which is edited by Michael Payne makes available in one volume Greenblatts most important writing on culture, Renaissance studies and Shakespeare. It also features occasional pieces on subjects as diverse as storytelling and medicals, demonstrating the range of his cultural interests. Taken together, the text collected here dispel the idea that new historicism is antithetical to literary and aesthetic value. By the help of this book the researcher would like to reveal the progressive process of new historicism from Greenblatt to Foucault. Especially part one of this book which dedicate to culture and new historicism, could be highly useful for present study. Rutledge Critical Thinkers are some books which offer introductions to major critical thinkers who have influenced literary studies and humanities. Each book will equip the reader to approach these thinkers original text by explaining their key ideas, showing the reader why they are considered to be significant; Stephen Greenblatt by Mark Robson is the one of these series which not only introduce Greenblatt as a leading figure of new historicism but also ties to explain exactly what new historicism means and the relevance of new historicism to all aspects of literary criticism this book will help the researcher to find the dominant similarity and contrast between Greenbelts new historicism and Foucaltian new historicism. Various articles which make use of the theories of Foucault are referred to, such as Saundra lee Bartkys Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power, in which the author exclusively examines the discursive pressures upon the female body. In The History of Sexuality, Volume I: an Introduction Foucault provides much useful information on the origin, definition, and the treatment of the sexual body. This information is also useful in discussions concerning body and resistance. Gary Gutting in The Cambridge Companion to Foucault tryes to present a systematic and comprehensive overview of Foucaults major theme and texts from his early works on madness through his history of sexuality, and relates his work to significant contemporary movements such as critical theory and feminism. This book consist of several articles by different thinkers such as Foucault mapping of history by Thomas Flynn , Power/Knowledge by Joseph Rouse and Foucault feminism and question of identity by Jana Sawicki, which help the researcher in this study. Lisa Downing is Professor of French Discourses of Sexuality and Director of the Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Sexuality and Gender in Europe at the University of Exeter. her book The Cambridge Introduction to Michel Foucault provides ways in to understanding Foucaults key concepts of subjectivity, discourse and power. The book also explores the critical reception of Foucaults works and acquaints the reader with the afterlives of some of his theories, particularly his influence on feminist and queer studies. Each of these books represents fully the term of new Historicism which can be good theoretical bases for present study. Methodology New historicism study is a divergent field with numerous ideas, theoreticians, articles, and branches. One prominent flow of this kind of criticism is limited to Foucaults Ideas regarding power, identity, episteme, history, sexuality, knowledge, discourse and culture. According to Gearhart in Cultural Analysis and Its Discontents The issue of culture has been at the center of critical and literary-critical studies for quite some time now, and nowhere has it been more prominent than in the influential form of literary criticism that has come to be known as the new historicism. Colebrook in his book New literary Histories: New Historicism and Contemporary Criticism asserts that new historicism, a term applied to a trend in American academic literary studies in the 1980s that emphasized the historical nature of literary texts and at the same time (in contrast with older historicisms) the textual nature of history. As part of a wider reaction against purely formal or linguistic critical approaches such as the new criticism and deconstruction, the new historicists, led by Stephen Greenblatt, drew new connections between literary and nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ literary texts, breaking down the familiar distinctions between a text and its historical background as conceived in established historical forms of criticism. Inspired by Michel Foucaults concepts of discourse and power, they attempted to show how literary works are implicated in the power relations of their time, not as secondary reflections of any coherent world view but as active participants in the continual remaking of meanings(Baldick 227). New historicism is less a system of interpretation than a set of shared assumptions about the relationship between literature and history, and an essayistic style that often develops general reflections from a startling historical or anthropological anecdote. The framework of this study is Foucault ideas but before that the reader should become familiar with the concept of new historicism form Greenblatt to Foucault in order to understand its process and changes; so the chapter two has been devoted to this notion. Therefore, one principle aim is to know how literature of the specific time could be read according to new historicism. Following this new historicism methodology, chapters three and four argue the dominant concepts of new historicism according to Foucaults definition of this notion and their application to selected novels. These concepts could be the episteme of the time of the author which influence her work of art, power circulation and the role of body in this circulation, challenges of protagonist for gaining knowledge and identity and so on. And chapter five could be a conclusion and sum up of this study. Limitation and delimitation of study The present study is concerned only with Margarets two selected Novels, rather than her poetries or short stories. The choice of novels was also difficult because Margaret Atwood has variety of novels which more or less deal with different subject matters, therefore it is not possible to cover all of them in this study. As a result, the researcher concentrates only two novels which are most famous ones and suit the capacity of the content of the study. These selective novels can be studied from different approaches but the researcher is not going to say what other have said, so she chooses to examine the notion of new historicism according to Foucault definition of this term because this notion has variety sub branches. According to present study the new historicist elements such as Apparatus, Discipline, Discursive Practice, Episteme, Ethics, Identity and Power will be discuss fully in the shadow of Michel Foucault definition of these terms. In this study, the researcher will use the philosophers and theories which are related to her discussion and help its progress. Tentative outline The Concepts of Identity, Power and Knowledge: A Foucaltian Study of Margaret Atwoods Handmaids Tale and Edible Woman. Abstract Acknowledgements Chapter I. Introduction General Background The Argument Literature Review Thesis Outline Approach and Methodology New Historicism Definition of Terms Chapter 2. New Historicism from Foucault to Greenblatt Chapter 3. Foucaltian study of Handmaids Tale Chapter 4. Foucaltian study of Edible Woman Chapter 5. Conclusion Summing up Findings and implications Suggestion for farther reading Bibliography Definition of the Key Terms The below key terms are among many which may use in the present study: Andocentric: centered on the male. The term has been coined by feminist theorist wishing to describe a habit of mind and set of attitudes which are based upon a male perspective and which ignore female experience and interest (Hawthorn 10). Apparatus: Foucault generally uses this term to indicate the various institutional, physical and administrative mechanism and knowledge structure, which enhance and maintain the exercise of power within the social body (Hawthorn 12). Bio-power: Numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugation of bodies and the control of populations (History of Sexuality, Foucault 77). Confession: an important component of bio-power. People are taught that their liberation requires them to tell the truth, to confess it to someone who is more powerful and this truth telling will somehow set them free (Dreyfus and Rabinow p. 141, History of Sexuality, 58-65). Discipline: The methods, which make possible the meticulous control of the operation of the body, which assure the constant subjection of its forces and impose upon it a relation of docility-utility (Discipline and Punishment, Foucault 137). Episteme: a term coin by Foucault and widely used by Derrida, to indicate the totality of relations and laws of transformations uniting all discursive practice at any moment of time. Episteme established rules by the dominant power in a social body that effect individual and their knowledge of true or false (Mills 28). Historicism: a means of working with the problem that all history is history from the perspective of the historian. Historicism is a means of validating for itself the perpetual critical relation at play between history and human sciences (The Order of Things, Foucault 372).all knowledge is rooted in the life, a society and a language that have a history; and it is in that very history that knowledge finds the element enabling with other form of life (The Order of Things, Foucault 372-3) Language or discursive practice: this term refer to historically and culturally specific set of rules for organizing and producing different form of knowledge. It is a matter of rules, which, a bit kind the grammar of language, allow certain statement to be made (Mills 53). Power: power is not a thing but relation, it is not simply repressive but productive, and also it is not simply a property of the state, but exercise throughout the social body (Mills 34). Subject: Foucault uses the term subject in place of the individual, which is structuralisms preferred term for the self, in two ways: He uses the subject as both the grammatical subject, and subject as a verb (Mills 1617).